12/29/2023 0 Comments Running thoughtsAdults with ADHD describe their thoughts as “constantly on the go,” with multiple thoughts occurring at the same time and ideas flitting from one topic to another ( Asherson, 2005 Asherson et al., 2016 Mowlem et al., 2016 Weyandt et al., 2016 Sedgwick et al., 2019). Among the invisible symptoms, an overwhelming mental restlessness is frequently reported by patients ( Downey et al., 1997 Asherson, 2005 Weyandt et al., 2016). For instance, adults with ADHD deal with increased attentional difficulties and more internalized restlessness in comparison with children with ADHD ( Faraone et al., 2000 Adler and Cohen, 2004 Zalsman and Shilton, 2016), but also compared to healthy controls ( Weyandt et al., 2016 Guo et al., 2021). However, difficulties experienced by adults with ADHD exceed these observable symptoms. ADHD diagnosis is based on behavioral symptoms, comprising persistent inattention, motor hyperactivity and impulsivity ( Kooij Bejerot et al., 2010 American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Racing thoughts appear to be a relevant hypothesis to explain the mental restlessness in adult ADHD.Īttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting up to 4% of the adult population ( Fayyad et al., 2007 Simon et al., 2009). The second comprised deliberated-MW, spontaneous-MW and daydreaming, but was neither related to the ADHD symptoms, nor functional impairment.ĭiscussion: These findings suggest that MW and racing thoughts are two distinguishable mental phenomena. The first factor encompassed the three facets of racing thoughts and was predicted by emotional lability. Results: The factor analysis yielded a two-factor solution. Factorial analysis and multiple linear regressions were performed. Methods: To this aim, 84 adults with ADHD completed self-reported questionnaires, including the Mind Wandering-Deliberate and Mind Wandering-Spontaneous questionnaires, the Racing and Crowded Thoughts Questionnaire and the Daydreaming Frequency Scale. Associations between those mental phenomena and the ADHD symptomatology were also investigated. This paper aimed at disentangling mind wandering from racing thoughts in adult with ADHD. However, the description of a mind constantly on the go is also akin to racing thoughts, predominantly described in bipolar disorder. Introduction: Mental restlessness reported by adult with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been mainly explained by excessive mind wandering. 3Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.2Laboratoire de Psychologie des Cognitions, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.1INSERM U1114, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.Emilie Martz 1 * Luisa Weiner 2,3 Anne Bonnefond 1 Sébastien Weibel 1,3
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